Microfluidic Nanoparticle Synthesis: Advances and Applications in Water Remediation

Abstract

Water contamination caused by heavy metals and organic compounds is a major environmental and public health concern, especially in regions such as Sonora, Mexico. In this context, the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has emerged as an efficient alternative for water remediation. This review article explores the fundamentals of microfluidics as an emerging technology for NP synthesis, highlighting its advantages over conventional methods. The basic principles of microfluidic device design, synthesis mechanisms, and types of NPs produced are discussed, along with their physicochemical characteristics. Additionally, the application of these NPs for contaminant adsorption and degradation in water is analyzed. Microfluidic systems allow precise control of parameters such as flow rate, pH, and temperature, promoting the production of homogeneous and tailored NPs. The article concludes by addressing benefits, limitations, and prospects of microfluidics in sustainable water treatment, positioning it as a promising tool to address current environmental challenges.